Abstract

This article first reviews the basic functions of G proteins and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), followed by the signaling cascades induced by major neurotransmitters, including norepinephrine, acetylcholine, glutamate, dopamine and serotonin (5-HT). The exact signaling pathways depend on GPCR subtypes. This article also discusses the G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels and explain how alcohol reduces conscious level.